Event-based trigger interval for signaling of rtcp viewport for immersive teleconferencing and telepresence for remote terminals

ABSTRACT

There is included a method and apparatus comprising computer code configured to cause a processor or processors to perform controlling a delivery of a video conference call to a viewport, setting an event-based threshold with respect to the video conference call, determining whether the event-based threshold has been triggered based on an event and whether an amount of time having elapsed from another event is less than a predetermined amount of time, and further controlling the delivery of the video conference call to the viewport based on determining whether the event-based threshold has been triggered and whether the amount of time having elapsed from the other event is less than the predetermined amount of time.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/095,282, filed Nov. 11, 2020, which claims priority to provisionalapplication U.S. 63/022,394 filed on May 8, 2020 which are herebyexpressly incorporated by reference, in their entirety, into the presentapplication.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

The present disclosure is directed to Real-Time Transport ControlProtocol (RTCP) and more specifically relates to event-based triggerintervals in the RTCP viewport feedback signaling for ImmersiveTeleconferencing and Telepresence for Remote Terminals.

Description of Related Art

Immersive teleconferencing provides in-person, high definition video andaudio experience for conferences. It supports real-time,multi-connection streaming of the immersive video on head mounted device(HMD) devices/video player. Immersive teleconferencing allows toexperience a life-like communication with high definition video andaudio services. It aims to creates an immersive experience for usersparticipating in the conference remotely.

The VR support in multimedia telephony service for IMS (MTSI) andIMS-based telepresence enables the support of an immersive experiencefor remote terminals joining teleconferencing and telepresence sessions.This enables two-way audio and one-way immersive video e.g. a remoteuser wearing an HMD participates in a conference and receives animmersive audio and video captured by omnidirectional camera in aconference room, whereas only sends audio and optionally 2D video.

Bandwidth and other technical limitations have precluded improveddelivery of immersive video with respect to viewpoint margin update asthe HMD spatial orientation is updated remotely in real time.

Therefore, there is a desire for a technical solution to such problemsinvolving network overhead and server computational overheads.

SUMMARY

To address one or more different technical problems, this disclosureprovides technical solutions to reduce network overhead and servercomputational overheads while delivering immersive video with respect toone or more viewport margin updates according to exemplary embodiments

There is included a method and apparatus comprising memory configured tostore computer program code and a processor or processors configured toaccess the computer program code and operate as instructed by thecomputer program code. The computer program code includes controllingcode configured to cause the at least one processor to control adelivery of a video conference call to a viewport, setting codeconfigured to cause the at least one processor to set an event-basedthreshold with respect to the video conference call, determining codeconfigured to cause the at least one processor to determine whether theevent-based threshold has been triggered based on an event and whetheran amount of time having elapsed from another event is less than apredetermined amount of time, further controlling code configured tocause the at least one processor to further control the delivery of thevideo conference call to the viewport based on determining whether theevent-based threshold has been triggered and whether the amount of timehaving elapsed from the other event is less than the predeterminedamount of time.

According to exemplary embodiments, the event-based threshold comprisesat least a degree of change in a spatial orientation of the viewport.

According to exemplary embodiments, determining whether the event-basedthreshold has been triggered comprises determining whether the spatialorientation of the viewport has been changed by more than the degree ofchange of the event-based threshold.

According to exemplary embodiments, further controlling the delivery ofthe video conference call to the viewport comprises delivering at leastan additional margin of the video conference call to the viewport in acase in which it is determined that the spatial orientation of theviewport has been changed by more than the degree of change of theevent-based threshold.

According to exemplary embodiments, further controlling the delivery ofthe video conference call to the viewport comprises processing differentlength packets depending on whether a timer has been triggered orwhether the event-based threshold has been triggered.

According to exemplary embodiments, wherein of the different lengthpackets, a first packet that the timer has been triggered is longer thana second packet that the event-based threshold has been triggered.

According to exemplary embodiments, the computer program code furtherincludes further determining code configured to cause the at least oneprocessor to determine whether a frequency at which the event triggersthe event-based threshold exceeds a frequency threshold based on whetherthe amount of time having elapsed from the other event is less than thepredetermined amount of time.

According to exemplary embodiments, the computer program code furtherincludes updating code configured to cause the at least one processor toupdate a timer in response to determining that the frequency at whichthe event triggers the event-based threshold exceeds the frequencythreshold.

According to exemplary embodiments, the viewport is a display of atleast one of a headset and a handheld mobile device (HMD).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further features, nature, and various advantages of the disclosedsubject matter will be more apparent from the following detaileddescription and the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic illustration in accordance withembodiments.

FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic illustration in accordance withembodiments.

FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram regarding decoders in accordancewith embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram regarding encoders in accordancewith embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic illustration regarding conference callin accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a simplified schematic illustration regarding message formatsin accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a simplified block diagram regarding pictures in accordancewith embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a simplified flow diagram in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 9 is a simplified flow chart in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a simplified graph diagram in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 11 is a simplified graph diagram in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a simplified graph diagram in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a simplified graph in accordance with embodiments.

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration in accordance with embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The proposed features discussed below may be used separately or combinedin any order. Further, the embodiments may be implemented by processingcircuitry (e.g., one or more processors or one or more integratedcircuits). In one example, the one or more processors execute a programthat is stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a communication system100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Thecommunication system 100 may include at least two terminals 102 and 103interconnected via a network 105. For unidirectional transmission ofdata, a first terminal 103 may code video data at a local location fortransmission to the other terminal 102 via the network 105. The secondterminal 102 may receive the coded video data of the other terminal fromthe network 105, decode the coded data and display the recovered videodata. Unidirectional data transmission may be common in media servingapplications and the like.

FIG. 1 illustrates a second pair of terminals 101 and 104 provided tosupport bidirectional transmission of coded video that may occur, forexample, during videoconferencing. For bidirectional transmission ofdata, each terminal 101 and 104 may code video data captured at a locallocation for transmission to the other terminal via the network 105.Each terminal 101 and 104 also may receive the coded video datatransmitted by the other terminal, may decode the coded data and maydisplay the recovered video data at a local display device.

In FIG. 1 , the terminals 101, 102, 103 and 104 may be illustrated asservers, personal computers and smart phones but the principles of thepresent disclosure are not so limited. Embodiments of the presentdisclosure find application with laptop computers, tablet computers,media players and/or dedicated video conferencing equipment. The network105 represents any number of networks that convey coded video data amongthe terminals 101, 102, 103 and 104, including for example wirelineand/or wireless communication networks. The communication network 105may exchange data in circuit-switched and/or packet-switched channels.Representative networks include telecommunications networks, local areanetworks, wide area networks and/or the Internet. For the purposes ofthe present discussion, the architecture and topology of the network 105may be immaterial to the operation of the present disclosure unlessexplained herein below.

FIG. 2 illustrates, as an example for an application for the disclosedsubject matter, the placement of a video encoder and decoder in astreaming environment. The disclosed subject matter can be equallyapplicable to other video enabled applications, including, for example,video conferencing, digital TV, storing of compressed video on digitalmedia including CD, DVD, memory stick and the like, and so on.

A streaming system may include a capture subsystem 203, that can includea video source 201, for example a digital camera, creating, for example,an uncompressed video sample stream 213. That sample stream 213 may beemphasized as a high data volume when compared to encoded videobitstreams and can be processed by an encoder 202 coupled to the camera201. The encoder 202 can include hardware, software, or a combinationthereof to enable or implement aspects of the disclosed subject matteras described in more detail below. The encoded video bitstream 204,which may be emphasized as a lower data volume when compared to thesample stream, can be stored on a streaming server 205 for future use.One or more streaming clients 212 and 207 can access the streamingserver 205 to retrieve copies 208 and 206 of the encoded video bitstream204. A client 212 can include a video decoder 211 which decodes theincoming copy of the encoded video bitstream 208 and creates an outgoingvideo sample stream 210 that can be rendered on a display 209 or otherrendering device (not depicted). In some streaming systems, the videobitstreams 204, 206 and 208 can be encoded according to certain videocoding/compression standards. Examples of those standards are notedabove and described further herein.

FIG. 3 may be a functional block diagram of a video decoder 300according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A receiver 302 may receive one or more codec video sequences to bedecoded by the decoder 300; in the same or another embodiment, one codedvideo sequence at a time, where the decoding of each coded videosequence is independent from other coded video sequences. The codedvideo sequence may be received from a channel 301, which may be ahardware/software link to a storage device which stores the encodedvideo data. The receiver 302 may receive the encoded video data withother data, for example, coded audio data and/or ancillary data streams,that may be forwarded to their respective using entities (not depicted).The receiver 302 may separate the coded video sequence from the otherdata. To combat network jitter, a buffer memory 303 may be coupled inbetween receiver 302 and entropy decoder/parser 304 (“parser”henceforth). When receiver 302 is receiving data from a store/forwarddevice of sufficient bandwidth and controllability, or from anisosychronous network, the buffer 303 may not be needed, or can besmall. For use on best effort packet networks such as the Internet, thebuffer 303 may be required, can be comparatively large and canadvantageously of adaptive size.

The video decoder 300 may include a parser 304 to reconstruct symbols313 from the entropy coded video sequence. Categories of those symbolsinclude information used to manage operation of the decoder 300, andpotentially information to control a rendering device such as a display312 that is not an integral part of the decoder but can be coupled toit. The control information for the rendering device(s) may be in theform of Supplementary Enhancement Information (SEI messages) or VideoUsability Information parameter set fragments (not depicted). The parser304 may parse/entropy-decode the coded video sequence received. Thecoding of the coded video sequence can be in accordance with a videocoding technology or standard, and can follow principles well known to aperson skilled in the art, including variable length coding, Huffmancoding, arithmetic coding with or without context sensitivity, and soforth. The parser 304 may extract from the coded video sequence, a setof subgroup parameters for at least one of the subgroups of pixels inthe video decoder, based upon at least one parameters corresponding tothe group. Subgroups can include Groups of Pictures (GOPs), pictures,tiles, slices, macroblocks, Coding Units (CUs), blocks, Transform Units(TUs), Prediction Units (PUs) and so forth. The entropy decoder/parsermay also extract from the coded video sequence information such astransform coefficients, quantizer parameter values, motion vectors, andso forth.

The parser 304 may perform entropy decoding/parsing operation on thevideo sequence received from the buffer 303, so to create symbols 313.The parser 304 may receive encoded data, and selectively decodeparticular symbols 313. Further, the parser 304 may determine whetherthe particular symbols 313 are to be provided to a Motion CompensationPrediction unit 306, a scaler/inverse transform unit 305, an IntraPrediction Unit 307, or a loop filter 311.

Reconstruction of the symbols 313 can involve multiple different unitsdepending on the type of the coded video picture or parts thereof (suchas: inter and intra picture, inter and intra block), and other factors.Which units are involved, and how, can be controlled by the subgroupcontrol information that was parsed from the coded video sequence by theparser 304. The flow of such subgroup control information between theparser 304 and the multiple units below is not depicted for clarity.

Beyond the functional blocks already mentioned, decoder 300 can beconceptually subdivided into a number of functional units as describedbelow. In a practical implementation operating under commercialconstraints, many of these units interact closely with each other andcan, at least partly, be integrated into each other. However, for thepurpose of describing the disclosed subject matter, the conceptualsubdivision into the functional units below is appropriate.

A first unit is the scaler/inverse transform unit 305. Thescaler/inverse transform unit 305 receives quantized transformcoefficient as well as control information, including which transform touse, block size, quantization factor, quantization scaling matrices,etc. as symbol(s) 313 from the parser 304. It can output blockscomprising sample values, that can be input into aggregator 310.

In some cases, the output samples of the scaler/inverse transform 305can pertain to an intra coded block; that is: a block that is not usingpredictive information from previously reconstructed pictures, but canuse predictive information from previously reconstructed parts of thecurrent picture. Such predictive information can be provided by an intrapicture prediction unit 307. In some cases, the intra picture predictionunit 307 generates a block of the same size and shape of the block underreconstruction, using surrounding already reconstructed informationfetched from the current (partly reconstructed) picture 309. Theaggregator 310, in some cases, adds, on a per sample basis, theprediction information the intra prediction unit 307 has generated tothe output sample information as provided by the scaler/inversetransform unit 305.

In other cases, the output samples of the scaler/inverse transform unit305 can pertain to an inter coded, and potentially motion compensatedblock. In such a case, a Motion Compensation Prediction unit 306 canaccess reference picture memory 308 to fetch samples used forprediction. After motion compensating the fetched samples in accordancewith the symbols 313 pertaining to the block, these samples can be addedby the aggregator 310 to the output of the scaler/inverse transform unit(in this case called the residual samples or residual signal) so togenerate output sample information. The addresses within the referencepicture memory form where the motion compensation unit fetchesprediction samples can be controlled by motion vectors, available to themotion compensation unit in the form of symbols 313 that can have, forexample X, Y, and reference picture components. Motion compensation alsocan include interpolation of sample values as fetched from the referencepicture memory when sub-sample exact motion vectors are in use, motionvector prediction mechanisms, and so forth.

The output samples of the aggregator 310 can be subject to various loopfiltering techniques in the loop filter unit 311. Video compressiontechnologies can include in-loop filter technologies that are controlledby parameters included in the coded video bitstream and made availableto the loop filter unit 311 as symbols 313 from the parser 304, but canalso be responsive to meta-information obtained during the decoding ofprevious (in decoding order) parts of the coded picture or coded videosequence, as well as responsive to previously reconstructed andloop-filtered sample values.

The output of the loop filter unit 311 can be a sample stream that canbe output to the render device 312 as well as stored in the referencepicture memory 557 for use in future inter-picture prediction.

Certain coded pictures, once fully reconstructed, can be used asreference pictures for future prediction. Once a coded picture is fullyreconstructed and the coded picture has been identified as a referencepicture (by, for example, parser 304), the current reference picture 309can become part of the reference picture buffer 308, and a fresh currentpicture memory can be reallocated before commencing the reconstructionof the following coded picture.

The video decoder 300 may perform decoding operations according to apredetermined video compression technology that may be documented in astandard, such as ITU-T Rec. H.265. The coded video sequence may conformto a syntax specified by the video compression technology or standardbeing used, in the sense that it adheres to the syntax of the videocompression technology or standard, as specified in the videocompression technology document or standard and specifically in theprofiles document therein. Also necessary for compliance can be that thecomplexity of the coded video sequence is within bounds as defined bythe level of the video compression technology or standard. In somecases, levels restrict the maximum picture size, maximum frame rate,maximum reconstruction sample rate (measured in, for example megasamplesper second), maximum reference picture size, and so on. Limits set bylevels can, in some cases, be further restricted through HypotheticalReference Decoder (HRD) specifications and metadata for HRD buffermanagement signaled in the coded video sequence.

In an embodiment, the receiver 302 may receive additional (redundant)data with the encoded video. The additional data may be included as partof the coded video sequence(s). The additional data may be used by thevideo decoder 300 to properly decode the data and/or to more accuratelyreconstruct the original video data. Additional data can be in the formof, for example, temporal, spatial, or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)enhancement layers, redundant slices, redundant pictures, forward errorcorrection codes, and so on.

FIG. 4 may be a functional block diagram of a video encoder 400according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The encoder 400 may receive video samples from a video source 401 (thatis not part of the encoder) that may capture video image(s) to be codedby the encoder 400.

The video source 401 may provide the source video sequence to be codedby the encoder (303) in the form of a digital video sample stream thatcan be of any suitable bit depth (for example: 8 bit, 10 bit, 12 bit, .. . ), any colorspace (for example, BT.601 Y CrCB, RGB, . . . ) and anysuitable sampling structure (for example Y CrCb 4:2:0, Y CrCb 4:4:4). Ina media serving system, the video source 401 may be a storage devicestoring previously prepared video. In a videoconferencing system, thevideo source 401 may be a camera that captures local image informationas a video sequence. Video data may be provided as a plurality ofindividual pictures that impart motion when viewed in sequence. Thepictures themselves may be organized as a spatial array of pixels,wherein each pixel can comprise one or more samples depending on thesampling structure, color space, etc. in use. A person skilled in theart can readily understand the relationship between pixels and samples.The description below focuses on samples.

According to an embodiment, the encoder 400 may code and compress thepictures of the source video sequence into a coded video sequence 410 inreal time or under any other time constraints as required by theapplication. Enforcing appropriate coding speed is one function ofController 402. Controller controls other functional units as describedbelow and is functionally coupled to these units. The coupling is notdepicted for clarity. Parameters set by controller can include ratecontrol related parameters (picture skip, quantizer, lambda value ofrate-distortion optimization techniques, . . . ), picture size, group ofpictures (GOP) layout, maximum motion vector search range, and so forth.A person skilled in the art can readily identify other functions ofcontroller 402 as they may pertain to video encoder 400 optimized for acertain system design.

Some video encoders operate in what a person skilled in the art readilyrecognizes as a “coding loop.” As an oversimplified description, acoding loop can consist of the encoding part of an encoder 402 (“sourcecoder” henceforth) (responsible for creating symbols based on an inputpicture to be coded, and a reference picture(s)), and a (local) decoder406 embedded in the encoder 400 that reconstructs the symbols to createthe sample data that a (remote) decoder also would create (as anycompression between symbols and coded video bitstream is lossless in thevideo compression technologies considered in the disclosed subjectmatter). That reconstructed sample stream is input to the referencepicture memory 405. As the decoding of a symbol stream leads tobit-exact results independent of decoder location (local or remote), thereference picture buffer content is also bit exact between local encoderand remote encoder. In other words, the prediction part of an encoder“sees” as reference picture samples exactly the same sample values as adecoder would “see” when using prediction during decoding. Thisfundamental principle of reference picture synchronicity (and resultingdrift, if synchronicity cannot be maintained, for example because ofchannel errors) is well known to a person skilled in the art.

The operation of the “local” decoder 406 can be the same as of a“remote” decoder 300, which has already been described in detail abovein conjunction with FIG. 3 . Briefly referring also to FIG. 4 , however,as symbols are available and en/decoding of symbols to a coded videosequence by entropy coder 408 and parser 304 can be lossless, theentropy decoding parts of decoder 300, including channel 301, receiver302, buffer 303, and parser 304 may not be fully implemented in localdecoder 406.

An observation that can be made at this point is that any decodertechnology except the parsing/entropy decoding that is present in adecoder also necessarily needs to be present, in substantially identicalfunctional form, in a corresponding encoder. The description of encodertechnologies can be abbreviated as they are the inverse of thecomprehensively described decoder technologies. Only in certain areas amore detail description is required and provided below.

As part of its operation, the source coder 403 may perform motioncompensated predictive coding, which codes an input frame predictivelywith reference to one or more previously-coded frames from the videosequence that were designated as “reference frames.” In this manner, thecoding engine 407 codes differences between pixel blocks of an inputframe and pixel blocks of reference frame(s) that may be selected asprediction reference(s) to the input frame.

The local video decoder 406 may decode coded video data of frames thatmay be designated as reference frames, based on symbols created by thesource coder 403. Operations of the coding engine 407 may advantageouslybe lossy processes. When the coded video data may be decoded at a videodecoder (not shown in FIG. 4 ), the reconstructed video sequencetypically may be a replica of the source video sequence with someerrors. The local video decoder 406 replicates decoding processes thatmay be performed by the video decoder on reference frames and may causereconstructed reference frames to be stored in the reference picturecache 405. In this manner, the encoder 400 may store copies ofreconstructed reference frames locally that have common content as thereconstructed reference frames that will be obtained by a far-end videodecoder (absent transmission errors).

The predictor 404 may perform prediction searches for the coding engine407. That is, for a new frame to be coded, the predictor 404 may searchthe reference picture memory 405 for sample data (as candidate referencepixel blocks) or certain metadata such as reference picture motionvectors, block shapes, and so on, that may serve as an appropriateprediction reference for the new pictures. The predictor 404 may operateon a sample block-by-pixel block basis to find appropriate predictionreferences. In some cases, as determined by search results obtained bythe predictor 404, an input picture may have prediction references drawnfrom multiple reference pictures stored in the reference picture memory405.

The controller 402 may manage coding operations of the video coder 403,including, for example, setting of parameters and subgroup parametersused for encoding the video data.

Output of all aforementioned functional units may be subjected toentropy coding in the entropy coder 408. The entropy coder translatesthe symbols as generated by the various functional units into a codedvideo sequence, by loss-less compressing the symbols according totechnologies known to a person skilled in the art as, for exampleHuffman coding, variable length coding, arithmetic coding, and so forth.

The transmitter 409 may buffer the coded video sequence(s) as created bythe entropy coder 408 to prepare it for transmission via a communicationchannel 411, which may be a hardware/software link to a storage devicewhich would store the encoded video data. The transmitter 409 may mergecoded video data from the video coder 403 with other data to betransmitted, for example, coded audio data and/or ancillary data streams(sources not shown).

The controller 402 may manage operation of the encoder 400. Duringcoding, the controller 405 may assign to each coded picture a certaincoded picture type, which may affect the coding techniques that may beapplied to the respective picture. For example, pictures often may beassigned as one of the following frame types:

An Intra Picture (I picture) may be one that may be coded and decodedwithout using any other frame in the sequence as a source of prediction.Some video codecs allow for different types of Intra pictures,including, for example Independent Decoder Refresh Pictures. A personskilled in the art is aware of those variants of I pictures and theirrespective applications and features.

A Predictive picture (P picture) may be one that may be coded anddecoded using intra prediction or inter prediction using at most onemotion vector and reference index to predict the sample values of eachblock.

A Bi-directionally Predictive Picture (B Picture) may be one that may becoded and decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction using atmost two motion vectors and reference indices to predict the samplevalues of each block. Similarly, multiple-predictive pictures can usemore than two reference pictures and associated metadata for thereconstruction of a single block.

Source pictures commonly may be subdivided spatially into a plurality ofsample blocks (for example, blocks of 4×4, 8×8, 4×8, or 16×16 sampleseach) and coded on a block-by-block basis. Blocks may be codedpredictively with reference to other (already coded) blocks asdetermined by the coding assignment applied to the blocks' respectivepictures. For example, blocks of I pictures may be codednon-predictively or they may be coded predictively with reference toalready coded blocks of the same picture (spatial prediction or intraprediction). Pixel blocks of P pictures may be coded non-predictively,via spatial prediction or via temporal prediction with reference to onepreviously coded reference pictures. Blocks of B pictures may be codednon-predictively, via spatial prediction or via temporal prediction withreference to one or two previously coded reference pictures.

The video coder 400 may perform coding operations according to apredetermined video coding technology or standard, such as ITU-T Rec.H.265. In its operation, the video coder 400 may perform variouscompression operations, including predictive coding operations thatexploit temporal and spatial redundancies in the input video sequence.The coded video data, therefore, may conform to a syntax specified bythe video coding technology or standard being used.

In an embodiment, the transmitter 409 may transmit additional data withthe encoded video. The source coder 403 may include such data as part ofthe coded video sequence. Additional data may comprisetemporal/spatial/SNR enhancement layers, other forms of redundant datasuch as redundant pictures and slices, Supplementary EnhancementInformation (SEI) messages, Visual Usability Information (VUI) parameterset fragments, and so on.

FIG. 5 illustrates a call 500, such as a 360-degree conference callaccording to exemplary embodiments. Referring to FIG. 5 , a conferencecall is being organized in room 501. The room 501 consists of peoplephysically present in the room 501, an omnidirectional camera 505 and aview screen 502. Two other persons 503 and 504 join the meeting, andaccording to exemplary embodiments, person 503 may be using a VR and/orAR headset and the person 504 may be using a smartphone or tablet. Thepersons 503 and 504 receive a 360-degree view of the conference room viathe omnidirectional camera 505, and the views received may be respectiveto the persons 503 and 504 which may or may not be viewing differentportions of the 360-degree view relative to their specific view-screenorientations for example. The remote participants, persons 503 and 504for example, also have the option of bringing into focus each other'scamera feed. In FIG. 5 , persons 503 and 504, send their viewportinformation 507 and 508 respectively to the room 501, or other networkeddevices relative to the omnidirectional camera 505 and view screen 502,which in turn sends them the viewport dependent video 509 and 510respectively.

A remote user, person 503 for example, wearing a head mount display(HMD) joining the conference remotely receives stereo or immersivevoice/audio and immersive video from the conference room captured by anomnidirectional camera. The person 504 may also wear a HMD or use ahandheld mobile device such as a smartphone or tablet.

According to exemplary embodiments, Omnidirectional Media format (OMAF)defines two types of media profile (i) viewport-independent, and (ii)viewport-dependent. When using a viewport-independent streaming (VIS),the whole video is transmitted at a high quality irrespective of theuser's viewport. When VIS is used, no latency is experienced during theHMD movement; however the bandwidth requirement may be relatively high.

Streaming the whole high-resolution immersive videos in desirablequality may be less efficient due to the limitations on the networkbandwidth, decoding complexities and the computing constraints of theend devices, since the user's field of view (FoV) may be limited.Therefore, according to exemplary embodiments viewport-dependentstreaming (VDS) has been defined in Omnidirectional Media format (OMAF).When VDS is used, only the user's current viewport is streamed inhigh-quality, while rest is streamed at comparatively lower quality.This helps to save considerable amount of bandwidth.

While using VDS, the remote users, persons 503 and 504 for example, cansend their viewport orientation information via RTCP reports. Thesereports can be sent at fixed intervals, event-based triggers or using ahybrid scheme comprising of the regular interval and event-basedtriggers.

According to exemplary embodiments, the event-based feedback istriggered whenever the viewport changes and an immediate feedback issent. The frequency of the RTCP report will be dependent on the speed ofthe HMD and will increase as the HMD speed increases.

Now, if the HMD speed is large and the feedback trigger angle isrelatively short, a large number of event-based RTCP reports will begenerated and sent to the server. This may result in the requiredbandwidth exceeding the RTCP 5% bandwidth limitations. For example,refer to FIG. 10 , for an illustration 1000 of a point to point scenariofor 20 Mbps video, when the feedback trigger is 0.1 degrees and the HMDspeed exceed 125 degree per seconds, the bandwidth required for the RTCPreports to be sent exceeds the RTCP bandwidth limitation of 1 Mbps. FIG.10 refers to event-based RTCP feedback generated per second for 0.1,0.5, 1 and 2 degrees triggers.

The initial viewport orientation of the user, decoding/renderingmetadata and the captured field-of-view is signaled in the sessiondescription protocol (SDP) during the call setup in addition to thenormal multimedia telephony service for IMS (MTSI) call signaling, suchas at S803 in FIG. 8 , between a conference room 801 and a remote user802. After the call establishment, the remote parties send theirviewport orientation information via the RTCP reports.

The RTCP feedback may follow the 5% bandwidth usage rule according toexemplary embodiments. Therefore, the frequency of the RTCP depends onthe group size or the number of remote participants. As the group sizeincreases, the feedback can be sent less frequently to abide by thebandwidth usage limitations. Immediate feedback can be used when thenumber of remote participants is small. As the number of participantsincreases, early RTCP feedback can be used. However, if the group sizebecomes large, regular RTCP feedback should be sent. As per internetengineering task force (IETF) request for comments (RFC) 3550 theminimum transmission interval for RTCP may be five seconds. As the groupsize increases, the RTCP feedback interval can also increase resultingin additional delay. According to exemplary embodiments herein and foruse in immersive video for example, the RTCP reports can be sentaccording to any of a fixed interval-basis and on an event-basis, whichcan be triggered by the change in viewport orientation per remoteperson, such as person 503 and/or person 504 in FIG. 5 .

According to exemplary embodiments, RTCP Feedback Packets may becompound packets which consists of a status report and feedback (FB)messages. Further, sender report (SR)/received report(RR) packetscontain the status reports which are transmitted at regular intervals asa part of the compound RTCP packets which includes the sourcesdescription besides other messages.

According to exemplary embodiments, an order of the RTCP packets in thecompound RTCP packets containing the FB messages are:

-   -   OPTIONAL encrypted prefix,    -   MANDATORY SR or RR,    -   MANDATORY SDES,    -   One or more FB messages.

In the compound packet, the FB messages may be placed after the RR andsource description RTCP packets (SDES).

Two compound RTCP packets carrying feedback packets can be described:Minimal Compound RTCP feedback packet and Full compound RTCP feedbackpacket

The RTCP feedback messages are specified in IETF 4585. It can beidentified by the PT (payload type)=PSFB (206) which refers topayload-specific feedback message. According to exemplary embodiments,the feedback message may involve signaling of the viewport informationfor both regular interval and event based.

When any remote participant, such as one of the person 503 and person504 in FIG. 1 , changes its respective viewport (such as by changing aspatial orientation of their respective display device), the RTCPviewport feedback should be timely delivered, else it would cause delayand affect the high-quality VR experience for that user. As the numberof remote participants increases, the RTCP feedback interval increases.If the regular RTCP feedback interval is sent, such as on a 5 secondbasis alone, it may be delayed as the number of remote participantsincreases. Therefore, according to exemplary embodiments, the RTCPinterval may be a combination of the regular feedback interval and anevent-based interval so as to improve over such technical deficiencies.

According to exemplary embodiments, a regular RTCP feedback intervalshould be sent as a compound RTCP packets complying by the RTP ruleswhere the minimum RTCP interval (Tmin) between consecutive transmissionshould be five seconds. This RTCP interval can be derived from the RTCPpacket size and the RTCP bandwidth available. Full compound packetcontains any additional RTCP packets such as additional receiverreports, additional SDES items, etc.

When the viewport changes, the event-based feedback is triggered. Inthis case a minimal compound RTCP packet may be sent. Minimal compoundRTCP feedback packet contains only the mandatory information such as thenecessary encryption prefix, exactly one SR or RR, exactly one SDES(with only CNAME item present), and the FB message(s). This helps tominimize the RTCP packet transmitted for the feedback, hence will haveminimal effect on the bandwidth. The event-based feedback is notaffected by the group size unlike the regular RTCP feedback interval.

When the user changes the viewport 701, as in FIG. 7 , the event-basedfeedback is triggered, and the regular feedback interval should startafter the minimum interval (Tmin). Now, if the user changes its viewport701 before the minimum interval, the event-based feedback is triggeredagain. This might affect the 5% bandwidth rule if these events occursuccessively. However, putting a minimum interval constraint on theevent-based feedbacks will degrade the user's experience. Hence, thereshould be no minimum interval defined for the event-based feedbacks tobe sent. To respect the bandwidth usage for the RTCP feedback, theinterval for the regular feedbacks can be increased and therefore itshould be dependent on the frequency of the event-based feedbacks andthe intervals between them.

In view of exemplary embodiments described herein, the user is able torequest additional higher quality margins, such as 702 in theillustration 700 of FIG. 7 , around the viewport 701 so as to minimizedelay, such as an M2HQdelay, and enhance the user experience. Theviewport 701 may be the viewport of any of the devices of remote persons503 and 504 in FIG. 5 . This is significantly useful when one of theremote persons 503 and 504 is performing small head motionperturbations. However, during a call, such as at S805 in FIG. 8 , whenthe user moves his head by a (negligibly) small degree which is out ofthe viewport margin 702, an event-based feedback should not be triggeredsince the out-of-margin viewport area is comparatively negligible andhence should wait for regular feedback to be transmitted. Therefore,there may be some degree of tolerance 703 defined for yaw, pitch androll before an event-based feedback can be triggered, for example, seein FIG. 8 at S804 where tolerance information may be transmitted fromthe remote user 802 to the conference room 801. This degree of tolerance703, tolerance information including an event-based feedback tolerancemargin 705, can be defined as one or more of a rotation angle yaw(tyaw), pitch (tpitch) and roll (troll) from the user's viewport. Suchinformation can be negotiated during the initial SDP session S804, as inFIG. 8 , or in-between the session according to embodiments, such as atS806.

FIG. 6 illustrates a format 600 for such feedback messages describedherein according to exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 6 shows an RTCP feedback message format 600. In FIG. 6 , FMTdenotes the feedback message type, whereas PT denotes the payload type.For an RTCP feedback message, the FMT may be set to value ‘9’ whereasthe PT is set to 206. The FCI (feedback message control information)contains the viewport information and is composed of the followingparameters: Viewport_azimuth; Viewport_elevation; Viewport_tilt;Viewport_azimuth_range; Viewport_elevation_range; Viewport_stereoscopicaccording to exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart 900. As S901 there is a call setup 901,including initialization such as at S803 in FIG. 8 , and according toembodiments there is provision of information including viewportorientation of the user, decoding/rendering metadata and the capturedfield-of-view is signaled in the session description protocol (SDP)during the call setup in addition to the normal multimedia telephonyservice for IMS (MTSI) call signaling. A degree of tolerance, asdescribed above, may be set at this S901.

After the call establishment, at S902, the remote parties send theirviewport orientation information via the RTCP reports along with thebeginning of the call. Then, at S903, it may be determined whether thereis an event-based feedback that is triggered and whether the regularfeedback interval is triggered. The regular feedback interval may betriggered by determining whether some time period has passed, such as 5seconds for example, as a time-based feedback. The event-based feedbackmay be determined by whether a remote user's viewport has been changedin spatial orientation, and if so, whether that change is within orbeyond the preset tolerance ranges, such as with respect to thetolerance margins 705 in FIG. 7 .

If the time-based feedback is determined at S905, then a compound RTCPpacket may be sent. According to exemplary embodiments, a regular RTCPfeedback interval should be sent as a compound RTCP packets complying bythe RTP rules where the minimum RTCP interval (Tmin) between consecutivetransmission should be five seconds. This RTCP interval can be derivedfrom the RTCP packet size and the RTCP bandwidth available. Fullcompound packet contains any additional RTCP packets such as additionalreceiver reports, additional SDES items, etc. Afterwards, it may bedetermined at S904 whether there is a user input or other input of someupdate to the tolerance information, and if not, the process may loop orotherwise proceed with the call at S902 in accordance with anycommunications received with respect to the compound RTCP packet ofS905. This S905 may also reset the timer to count another time period,such as 5 seconds.

If the event-based feedback is determined at S906, then a minimal RTCPpacket may be sent. For example, when the viewport changes, theevent-based feedback is triggered. In this case a minimal compound RTCPpacket may be sent. Minimal compound RTCP feedback packet contains onlythe mandatory information such as the necessary encryption prefix,exactly one SR or RR, exactly one SDES (with only CNAME item present),and the FB message(s). This helps to minimize the RTCP packettransmitted for the feedback, hence will have minimal effect on thebandwidth. The event-based feedback is not affected by the group sizeunlike the regular RTCP feedback interval. Afterwards, it may bedetermined at S904 whether there is a user input or other input of someupdate to the tolerance information, and if not, the process may loop orotherwise proceed with the call at S902 in accordance with anycommunications received with respect to the minimal RTCP packet of S906.This S906 may also reset the timer to count another time period, such as5 seconds. Further, it may also be determined at S904, from S906,whether to update the timer to count an increased elapsed time in a casein which it is also determined at S906 that a frequency of theevent-based triggering exceeds a threshold, such as contributing to anexcess of a 5% bandwidth rule of RTCP for example according toembodiments such as described further with respect to FIGS. 10, 11, 12,and 13 .

Exemplary embodiments introduce a parameter for defining the minimuminterval between two consecutive event-based RTCP feedbacks, S906 toS906 without an intermediate S905 for example, such that the bandwidthrequirement does not exceed the RTCP bandwidth limitation and may beaccounted for by update or otherwise at S904.

When a relatively short feedback trigger at S906 is used for a large HMDmotion, the RTCP bandwidth requirement may exceed the RTCP bandwidthlimitations. Hence, the bandwidth requirement for the event-based RTCPreports may be dependent on the HMD speed and the feedback triggerdegree according to exemplary embodiments.

The event-based feedback interval is the time interval between twoconsecutive triggers. As the HMD speed increases, the event-basedfeedback interval decreases, resulting in increase in the bandwidthrequirement. The event-based feedback can be defined as below:

$\begin{matrix}{{{Event} - {based}{feedback}{interval}} = \frac{{Trigger}{{Angle}{}\left( T_{A} \right)}}{{HMD}{Speed}\left( H_{S} \right)}} & \left( {{Eq}.1} \right)\end{matrix}$

Therefore, to limit the bandwidth requirement so as to comply by the 5%RTCP rule, a threshold parameter is defined. This threshold parametermay be dependent on the event-based feedback interval.

The following assumptions may be made according to exemplaryembodiments:

Bandwidth (bps)=B,   (Eq. 2)

RTCP allocated bandwidth (bps)=R_(B)   (Eq. 3)

RTCP Packet size (bytes)=P   (Eq. 4)

RTCP minimum Interval=I_(min)   (Eq. 5)

The RTCP bandwidth should not exceed the 5% bandwidth as per the RTCPrule. Therefore,

R_(B)=0.05B   (Eq. 6)

Whereas, I_(min) can be stated as below,

$\begin{matrix}{I_{\min} = \frac{8P}{R_{B}}} & \left( {{Eq}.7} \right)\end{matrix}$

Assuming total bandwidth of 20 Mbps, when the feedback degree is 0.1degree and the HMD speed is over 125 degree/sec, the bandwidth valuesexceed the 5% RTCP bandwidth limitations. As can be seen from theillustration 1000 in FIG. 10 . However, this value is well within thelimitations when the trigger increases to 0.5, 1 and 2.

The number of event-based RTCP feedbacks sent per second for 0.1, 0.5, 1and 2 degree triggers are shown in the illustration 1100 in FIG. 11 .Therefore, to respect the RTCP bandwidth limitation, exemplaryembodiments may increase the RTCP event-based feedback interval andintroduce a parameter I_(min) which can be defined as the minimuminterval between two consecutive RTCP feedbacks and can be chosen suchthat

$I_{\min} = {\frac{T_{A}}{H_{S}}.}$

When the HMD speed increases, the number of triggers per secondincreases as well resulting in the decrease of the trigger interval andincrease of the RTCP bitrate. When the trigger interval reaches aminimum point I_(min), it should not be further decreased, and thereforethe maximum number of triggers/sec is reached as in shown in theillustration 1200 of FIG. 12 with the dotted curve. FIG. 12 refers to anevent-based RTCP feedback generated per second for 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2degrees triggers after the I_(min) parameter is introduced according toembodiments. This minimum point will be reached when RTCP bandwidth(R_(B)) is close to 5% of the bandwidth but not greater. Therefore,I_(min) parameter will be dependent on the allowed RTCP bandwidth. Thebitrate before and after introduction of the I_(min) parameter for0.1-degree trigger is shown in the illustration 1300 of FIG. 13 . Hence,after the minimum point I_(min) is reached, the curve flattens.

Referring further to FIG. 13 , I_(min) is calculated for a constant headspeed and refers to a bit rate for 0.1 degree trigger before and afterthe I_(min) parameter is introduced according to embodiments. Howeverdue to relatively short travel time of the head, the difference betweenaverage and constant head speed is negligent.

According to exemplary embodiments, when such a hybrid reporting scheme,consisting of the regular interval and event-based triggers, is used:

-   -   (i) The regular interval must be equal or larger than (usually a        multiple factor of) the RTCP minimum interval;    -   (ii) The trigger threshold angle and RTCP minimum interval        should be chosen such that

$\begin{matrix}{I_{\min} \leq \frac{T_{A}}{H_{S}}} & \left( {{Eq}.8} \right)\end{matrix}$

One or more of such calculations described above with respect to FIGS.10, 11, 12, and 13 may be performed at S904 in FIG. 9 .

Accordingly, by exemplary embodiments described herein, the technicalproblems noted above may be advantageously improved upon by one or moreof these technical solutions. For example, A parameter I_(min), which isdefined as the minimum interval between two consecutive triggers, shouldbe introduced for event-based RTCP feedbacks. This helps to restrain thebandwidth requirement by limiting the number of event-based triggerssent per second. Hence, as the head motion increases and the RTCPinterval reaches min (Imin) value, the bit rate is saturated and doesnot increase further.

The techniques described above, can be implemented as computer softwareusing computer-readable instructions and physically stored in one ormore computer-readable media or by a specifically configured one or morehardware processors. For example, FIG. 14 shows a computer system 1400suitable for implementing certain embodiments of the disclosed subjectmatter.

The computer software can be coded using any suitable machine code orcomputer language, that may be subject to assembly, compilation,linking, or like mechanisms to create code comprising instructions thatcan be executed directly, or through interpretation, micro-codeexecution, and the like, by computer central processing units (CPUs),Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), and the like.

The instructions can be executed on various types of computers orcomponents thereof, including, for example, personal computers, tabletcomputers, servers, smartphones, gaming devices, internet of thingsdevices, and the like.

The components shown in FIG. 14 for computer system 1400 are exemplaryin nature and are not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scopeof use or functionality of the computer software implementingembodiments of the present disclosure. Neither should the configurationof components be interpreted as having any dependency or requirementrelating to any one or combination of components illustrated in theexemplary embodiment of a computer system 1400.

Computer system 1400 may include certain human interface input devices.Such a human interface input device may be responsive to input by one ormore human users through, for example, tactile input (such as:keystrokes, swipes, data glove movements), audio input (such as: voice,clapping), visual input (such as: gestures), olfactory input (notdepicted). The human interface devices can also be used to capturecertain media not necessarily directly related to conscious input by ahuman, such as audio (such as: speech, music, ambient sound), images(such as: scanned images, photographic images obtain from a still imagecamera), video (such as two-dimensional video, three-dimensional videoincluding stereoscopic video).

Input human interface devices may include one or more of (only one ofeach depicted): keyboard 1401, mouse 1402, trackpad 1403, touch screen1410, joystick 1405, microphone 1406, scanner 1408, camera 1407.

Computer system 1400 may also include certain human interface outputdevices. Such human interface output devices may be stimulating thesenses of one or more human users through, for example, tactile output,sound, light, and smell/taste. Such human interface output devices mayinclude tactile output devices (for example tactile feedback by thetouch-screen 1410, or joystick 1405, but there can also be tactilefeedback devices that do not serve as input devices), audio outputdevices (such as: speakers 1409, headphones (not depicted)), visualoutput devices (such as screens 1410 to include CRT screens, LCDscreens, plasma screens, OLED screens, each with or without touch-screeninput capability, each with or without tactile feedback capability—someof which may be capable to output two dimensional visual output or morethan three dimensional output through means such as stereographicoutput; virtual-reality glasses (not depicted), holographic displays andsmoke tanks (not depicted)), and printers (not depicted).

Computer system 1400 can also include human accessible storage devicesand their associated media such as optical media including CD/DVD ROM/RW1420 with CD/DVD 1411 or the like media, thumb-drive 1422, removablehard drive or solid state drive 1423, legacy magnetic media such as tapeand floppy disc (not depicted), specialized ROM/ASIC/PLD based devicessuch as security dongles (not depicted), and the like.

Those skilled in the art should also understand that term “computerreadable media” as used in connection with the presently disclosedsubject matter does not encompass transmission media, carrier waves, orother transitory signals.

Computer system 1400 can also include interface 1499 to one or morecommunication networks 1498. Networks 1498 can for example be wireless,wireline, optical. Networks 1498 can further be local, wide-area,metropolitan, vehicular and industrial, real-time, delay-tolerant, andso on. Examples of networks 1498 include local area networks such asEthernet, wireless LANs, cellular networks to include GSM, 3G, 4G, 5G,LTE and the like, TV wireline or wireless wide area digital networks toinclude cable TV, satellite TV, and terrestrial broadcast TV, vehicularand industrial to include CANBus, and so forth. Certain networks 1498commonly require external network interface adapters that attached tocertain general-purpose data ports or peripheral buses (1450 and 1451)(such as, for example USB ports of the computer system 1400; others arecommonly integrated into the core of the computer system 1400 byattachment to a system bus as described below (for example Ethernetinterface into a PC computer system or cellular network interface into asmartphone computer system). Using any of these networks 1498, computersystem 1400 can communicate with other entities. Such communication canbe uni-directional, receive only (for example, broadcast TV),uni-directional send-only (for example CANbusto certain CANbus devices),or bi-directional, for example to other computer systems using local orwide area digital networks. Certain protocols and protocol stacks can beused on each of those networks and network interfaces as describedabove.

Aforementioned human interface devices, human-accessible storagedevices, and network interfaces can be attached to a core 1440 of thecomputer system 1400.

The core 1440 can include one or more Central Processing Units (CPU)1441, Graphics Processing Units (GPU) 1442, a graphics adapter 1417,specialized programmable processing units in the form of FieldProgrammable Gate Areas (FPGA) 1443, hardware accelerators for certaintasks 1444, and so forth. These devices, along with Read-only memory(ROM) 1445, Random-access memory 1446, internal mass storage such asinternal non-user accessible hard drives, SSDs, and the like 1447, maybe connected through a system bus 1448. In some computer systems, thesystem bus 1448 can be accessible in the form of one or more physicalplugs to enable extensions by additional CPUs, GPU, and the like. Theperipheral devices can be attached either directly to the core's systembus 1448, or through a peripheral bus 1451. Architectures for aperipheral bus include PCI, USB, and the like.

CPUs 1441, GPUs 1442, FPGAs 1443, and accelerators 1444 can executecertain instructions that, in combination, can make up theaforementioned computer code. That computer code can be stored in ROM1445 or RAM 1446. Transitional data can be also be stored in RAM 1446,whereas permanent data can be stored for example, in the internal massstorage 1447. Fast storage and retrieval to any of the memory devicescan be enabled through the use of cache memory, that can be closelyassociated with one or more CPU 1441, GPU 1442, mass storage 1447, ROM1445, RAM 1446, and the like.

The computer readable media can have computer code thereon forperforming various computer-implemented operations. The media andcomputer code can be those specially designed and constructed for thepurposes of the present disclosure, or they can be of the kind wellknown and available to those having skill in the computer software arts.

As an example and not by way of limitation, the computer system havingarchitecture 1400, and specifically the core 1440 can providefunctionality as a result of processor(s) (including CPUs, GPUs, FPGA,accelerators, and the like) executing software embodied in one or moretangible, computer-readable media. Such computer-readable media can bemedia associated with user-accessible mass storage as introduced above,as well as certain storage of the core 1440 that are of non-transitorynature, such as core-internal mass storage 1447 or ROM 1445. Thesoftware implementing various embodiments of the present disclosure canbe stored in such devices and executed by core 1440. A computer-readablemedium can include one or more memory devices or chips, according toparticular needs. The software can cause the core 1440 and specificallythe processors therein (including CPU, GPU, FPGA, and the like) toexecute particular processes or particular parts of particular processesdescribed herein, including defining data structures stored in RAM 1446and modifying such data structures according to the processes defined bythe software. In addition or as an alternative, the computer system canprovide functionality as a result of logic hardwired or otherwiseembodied in a circuit (for example: accelerator 1444), which can operatein place of or together with software to execute particular processes orparticular parts of particular processes described herein. Reference tosoftware can encompass logic, and vice versa, where appropriate.Reference to a computer-readable media can encompass a circuit (such asan integrated circuit (IC)) storing software for execution, a circuitembodying logic for execution, or both, where appropriate. The presentdisclosure encompasses any suitable combination of hardware andsoftware.

While this disclosure has described several exemplary embodiments, thereare alterations, permutations, and various substitute equivalents, whichfall within the scope of the disclosure. It will thus be appreciatedthat those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous systemsand methods which, although not explicitly shown or described herein,embody the principles of the disclosure and are thus within the spiritand scope thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for video signaling, the methodperformed by at least one processor and comprising: setting a thresholdwith respect to a video call; determining whether the threshold has beentriggered based on an event and whether an amount of time having elapsedfrom another event is less than a predetermined amount of time; andcontrolling delivery of the video call to a viewport based ondetermining whether the threshold has been triggered.
 2. The method forvideo signaling according to claim 1, wherein the threshold comprises atleast a degree of change in a spatial orientation of the viewport. 3.The method for video signaling according to claim 2, wherein determiningwhether the threshold has been triggered comprises determining whetherthe spatial orientation of the viewport has been changed by more thanthe degree of change of the threshold.
 4. The method for video signalingaccording to claim 3, wherein controlling the delivery of the video callto the viewport comprises delivering at least an additional margin ofthe video call to the viewport in a case in which it is determined thatthe spatial orientation of the viewport has been changed by more thanthe degree of change of the threshold.
 5. The method for video signalingaccording to 1, wherein controlling the delivery of the video call tothe viewport comprises processing different length packets depending onwhether a timer has been triggered or whether the threshold has beentriggered.
 6. The method for video signaling according to claim 5,wherein of the different length packets, a first packet that a timer hasbeen triggered is longer than a second packet that the threshold hasbeen triggered.
 7. The method for video signaling according to claim 1,further comprising: determining whether a frequency at which the eventtriggers the threshold exceeds a frequency threshold based ondetermining whether the amount of time having elapsed from the otherevent is less than the predetermined amount of time.
 8. The method forvideo signaling according to claim 7, further comprising: updating atimer in response to determining that the frequency at which the eventtriggers the threshold exceeds the frequency threshold.
 9. The methodfor video signaling according to claim 1, wherein the viewport is adisplay of at least one of a headset and a handheld mobile device. 10.The method for video signaling according to claim 1, wherein the videocall comprises a 360° video data of an omnidirectional camera.
 11. Anapparatus for video signaling, the apparatus comprising: at least onememory configured to store computer program code; at least one processorconfigured to access the computer program code and operate as instructedby the computer program code, the computer program code including:setting code configured to cause the at least one processor to set athreshold with respect to a video conference call; determining codeconfigured to cause the at least one processor to determine whether thethreshold has been triggered based an event and whether an amount oftime having elapsed from another event is less than a predeterminedamount of time; and controlling code configured to cause the at leastone processor to control a delivery of the video call to a viewportbased on determining whether the threshold has been triggered.
 12. Theapparatus for video signaling according to claim 11, wherein thethreshold comprises at least a degree of change in a spatial orientationof the viewport.
 13. The apparatus for video signaling according toclaim 12, wherein determining whether the threshold has been triggeredcomprises determining whether the spatial orientation of the viewporthas been changed by more than the degree of change of the threshold. 14.The apparatus for video signaling according to claim 13, whereincontrolling the delivery of the video call to the viewport comprisesdelivering at least an additional margin of the video call to theviewport in a case in which it is determined that the spatialorientation of the viewport has been changed by more than the degree ofchange of the threshold.
 15. The apparatus for video signaling accordingto 11, wherein controlling the delivery of the video call to theviewport comprises processing different length packets depending onwhether a timer has been triggered or whether the threshold has beentriggered.
 16. The apparatus for video signaling according to claim 15,wherein of the different length packets, a first packet that the timerhas been triggered is longer than a second packet that the threshold hasbeen triggered.
 17. The apparatus for video signaling according to claim11, further comprising: further determining code configured to cause theat least one processor to determine whether a frequency at which theevent triggers the threshold exceeds a frequency threshold based ondetermining whether the amount of time having elapsed from the otherevent is less than the predetermined amount of time.
 18. The apparatusfor video signaling according to claim 17, further comprising: updatingcode configured to cause the at least one processor to update a timer inresponse to determining that the frequency at which the event triggersthe threshold exceeds the frequency threshold.
 19. The apparatus forvideo signaling according to claim 11, wherein the viewport is a displayof at least one of a headset and a handheld mobile device (HMD).
 20. Anon-transitory computer readable medium storing a program causing acomputer to execute a process, the process comprising: setting athreshold with respect to a video call; determining whether thethreshold have been triggered based on an event and whether an amount oftime having elapsed from another event is less than a predeterminedamount of time; and controlling a delivery of the video call to aviewport based on determining whether the threshold has been triggered.